Friction between teenagers and parents is very common.

Passage

Friction between teenagers and parents is very common. It certainly does not occur in all homes and it can certainly be avoided if parents are wise, tactful, tolerant and understanding in their dealing with their teenaged girls or boys. There are many causes of difficulties commonly found in the home. One obvious reason for friction is the transition from dependence to independence and more the parents try to control, the more rebellious they become. Another source of friction is the difficult behaviour of the adolescents. Moody, sulky, quarrelsome and obstinate behaviour and other features all lead to friction with their parents. Adolescents think for themselves. They rebel against the ways and thoughts of the older generation. Another friction is the choice of career. Sometimes a boy or a girl wants to leave school but parents force him or her to stay on. Sometimes the parents want their children to leave school but the children want to stay on in the hope of going to university.
বাংলা অনুবাদ:
কিশোর-কিশোরীদের সঙ্গে বাবা-মায়ের মতবিরোধ বা দ্বন্দ্ব খুবই সাধারণ একটি বিষয়। তবে সব পরিবারে এমন দ্বন্দ্ব দেখা যায় না এবং বাবা-মা যদি কিশোর-কিশোরীদের সঙ্গে আচরণ করার ক্ষেত্রে বিচক্ষণ, কৌশলী, সহনশীল ও বোঝাপড়াপূর্ণ হন, তাহলে এই দ্বন্দ্ব সহজেই এড়ানো যায়। পরিবারে বিভিন্ন ধরনের সমস্যার অনেক কারণ রয়েছে। দ্বন্দ্বের একটি স্পষ্ট কারণ হলো অন্যের ওপর নির্ভরশীলতা থেকে স্বনির্ভরতার দিকে কিশোর-কিশোরীদের পরিবর্তন। বাবা-মা যত বেশি তাদের নিয়ন্ত্রণ করার চেষ্টা করেন, তারা তত বেশি বিদ্রোহী হয়ে ওঠে। দ্বন্দ্বের আরেকটি কারণ হলো কিশোর-কিশোরীদের কঠিন বা অস্বাভাবিক আচরণ। মেজাজ খিটখিটে থাকা, মনমরা ভাব, ঝগড়াটে ও একগুঁয়ে আচরণসহ নানা বৈশিষ্ট্য তাদের সঙ্গে বাবা-মায়ের দ্বন্দ্ব সৃষ্টি করে। কিশোর-কিশোরীরা নিজেরাই নিজেদের জন্য চিন্তা করতে শেখে। তারা বয়স্ক প্রজন্মের প্রচলিত পদ্ধতি ও চিন্তাধারার বিরুদ্ধে বিদ্রোহ করে। দ্বন্দ্বের আরেকটি কারণ হলো পেশা নির্বাচনের বিষয়। কখনো কোনো ছেলে বা মেয়ে স্কুল ছেড়ে যেতে চায়, কিন্তু বাবা-মা তাকে স্কুলে থেকে যেতে বাধ্য করেন। আবার কখনো বাবা-মা চান তাদের সন্তান স্কুল ছেড়ে দিক, কিন্তু সন্তান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে পড়ার আশায় স্কুলে থেকে যেতে চায়।

A. Answers to the Questions

(i) Write two causes of friction between parents and teenagers.
Answer: Two causes of friction are the transition from dependence to independence and the difficult behaviour of adolescents.
(ii) How can parents avoid friction with their teenagers?
Answer: Parents can avoid friction by being wise, tactful, tolerant and understanding in dealing with their teenage children.
(iii) What do the teenagers rebel for?
Answer: Teenagers rebel against the ways and thoughts of the older generation. They also want to make their own decisions about their lives.

B. Main Idea and Supporting Ideas

Main Idea Supporting Ideas
Friction between teenagers and their parents is very common. 1. Friction does not happen in all homes.
2. Parents can avoid friction by being wise, tactful, tolerant and understanding.
3. Common causes include the teenagers' move toward independence, difficult behaviour, rebellion against older people's ideas and disagreement about career or education.

C. Vocabulary: Meaning and Sentences

obvious
clear
He had some obvious reasons for his late arrival.
friction
collision / disagreement
Politics is a source of considerable friction in our family.
independence
sovereignty
Independence is our birth right.
feature
characteristic
Kindness is an important feature of her character.
tolerant
patient
She is very tolerant of other people's opinions.
obstinate
stubborn
His obstinate behaviour annoyed me greatly.

D. Summary

Summary: Friction between parents and teenagers is a common problem, although it does not occur in every home. It may arise because teenagers move from dependence to independence, show difficult behaviour, disagree with the ideas of the older generation, or have different choices about education and career. Parents can reduce such friction by being wise, tactful, tolerant and understanding. Good communication and mutual understanding can help both parents and teenagers live together peacefully.

Or. Key-word in the First Sentence

What is the key-word in the first sentence of the passage? How does it help you understand the meaning of the passage?
Answer: The key-word in the first sentence is “Friction.” It helps us understand that the passage is mainly about disagreements or conflicts between parents and teenagers. The passage then explains the common causes of this friction and how it can be avoided.
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